F. Navarro-Lopez, E. de Teresa, J.L. Lopez-Sendon. Guías del
diagnóstico clasificación y tratamiento de la Insuficiencia cardiaca y del shock
cardiogénico. Informe del grupo de trabajo de la insuficiencia cardíaca de la Sociedad
Española de Cardiología. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 1999; 52 (supl 2): 1-54.
M. Garcia Moll, JL Lopez-Sendón, F. Navarro Lopez. Manejo actual de
la Insuficiencia cardíaca.Guías de actuación clínica en cardiología. Sociedad
Española de Cardiología. 1997:17-25.
Braunwald E., Grossman W., Clinical aspect of heart failure, In:
Heart diseases. A text book of cardiovascular medicine. Braunwald E. Ed Saunders.
Philadephia, 1992; 444-463.
Braunwald E. Insuficiencia cardíaca. En: Principios de Medicina
Interna. Harrison. 14 Ed Interamericana. 1998: 1471-1486.
The Task Force Of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European
Society of Cardiology. The treatment of heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 1997; 18: 736- 753.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Heart failure:
Evaluation and care of patients with Left-Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. (Ed Esp.)
1994: 1 -114.
American College of Cardiology and American Heart Assocition Task
Force Report Guidelines for the evaluation and management of Heart Failure. Circulation
1995; 92: 2764-2784.
Kleber F, Wensel R, Current guidelines for the treatment of
congestive heart failure. Drugs 1996: 56; (1).
Clinical Practice Guidelines. Heart Failure: Evaluation and
treatment of patient´s with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction. J. Am. Geriatr.
Soc.1998; 46: 525-529.
Rahimtoola SH. The Hibernating myocardium. Am. Heart J. 1989, 117:
211-221.
Aronow WS. Treatment of congestive Heart failure in older persons.
J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 1997; 54: 1252-1258.
Dormans T. Gerlag P Russel F.Combination diuretic therapy in severe
congestive heart failure. Drugs, 1998, 2: 165-172.
Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, The effect of spironolactone on
morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N. Eng. J. Med. 1999: R,
341; 709-717.
The SOLV investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and
development of heart failure in asymtomatic patient with reduced left ventricular ejection
fractions. N. Eng. J. Med. 1992; 327: 685-691.
Consensus Trials Study Group. Effect of enalapril on mortality in
severe congestive heart failure. Results on the North Scandinavian enalapril survival
study. N. Eng. J. Med 1987, 316.1429-1435.
The SOLV investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patient
with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N. Eng. J.
Med. 1991; 325: 293-302.
Preffer M A. Braunwald E. Moye LA., for the SAVE investigators.
Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular
dinfunction and miocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement
trials. N. Eng. J. Med. 1992, 327: 669-677.
Pitt B, Segal R, Martinez FA. Randomized trial of Losartan versus
Captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the elderly
Study). Lancet 1997; 349; 747-752.
The Digital Investigation Group. The effect of Digoxin on mortality
and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N.Eng. J. Med. 1997; 336: 525-533.
PRAISE Study Effect of amlodipine on morbidity and mortality in
severe chronic heart failure. N. Eng. J. Med. 1996; 335: 1107-1114.
Lechat P. Jaillon P. Fontaine ML. A randomized trial of beta
Blocklade in heart failure: The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study. (CIBIS).
Circulation 1994; 90: 1765 -1973.
Packer M., Bristow MR, Cohn JN. The effect of Carvedilol on
morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N. Eng. J. Med. 1996; 334:
1349-1355.
Garguichevi JJ. Ramos JL. Gambarte A., for the Argentine Pilot Study
of Sudden Death and Amiodarone Investigators. Effect of Amiodarone therapy on mortality in
patients with left ventricular dysfunction and asyntomatic complex ventricular arrhytmias:
Argentine Pilot Study of Sudden Death and Amiodarone (EPAMSA). Am. Heart J. 1995; 130:
495-500.
Krell MJ. Kline EM. Bates ER. Intermittent ambulatory dobutamine
infusions in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Am. Heart J. 1986; 112:
787-791.
Duncan A. Vittone J. Fleming K.. Cardiovascular diseases in the
elderly. Mayo Clin. Proc 1996; 71: 184-186.
